Further research should clarify the causal relationship, if any, between ASD and problems of vision during early life. DiscussionĪSD is associated with some self-reported and objectively measured functional vision problems, and structural alterations of the eye, even though we observed several methodological limitations in the individual studies included in our meta-analyses. We also found evidence of increased accommodation deficits (Hedge’s g = 0.68 ) (non-significant heterogeneity: Q = 6.9331, p = 0.0741), reduced peripheral vision (−0.82 ) (non-significant heterogeneity: Q = 4.8075, p = 0.4398), reduced stereoacuity (0.73 ) (non-significant heterogeneity: Q = 0.8974, p = 0.3435), increased color discrimination difficulties (0.69 ) (non-significant heterogeneity: Q = 9.9928, p = 0.1890), reduced contrast sensitivity (0.45 ) (non-significant heterogeneity: Q = 9.9928, p = 0.1890) and increased retinal thickness (=0.29 ) (non-significant heterogeneity: Q = 0.8113, p = 0.9918) in ASD. We found meta-analytic evidence of increased prevalence of strabismus (OR = 4.72 ) in people with versus those without ASD (non-significant heterogeneity: Q = 1.0545, p = 0.7881). We included 49 studies in the narrative synthesis and 46 studies in the meta-analyses (15,629,159 individuals distributed across multiple different measures). Random-effects meta-analyses were used for data synthesis. Study quality was assessed with the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS). We included observational studies 1) reporting at least one measure of vision in people of any age with a diagnosis of ASD based on DSM or ICD criteria, or ADOS or 2) reporting the prevalence of ASD in people with and without vision disorders. Methodīased on a pre-registered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022328485), we searched PubMed, Web of Knowledge/Science, Ovid Medline, Embase and APA PsycINFO up to 5 th February 2022, with no language/type of document restrictions. To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing whether vision and/or eye disorders are associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

Dsm 5 incidence of asd